Ibice birenga 75 kw’ijana vy’abarundi bakorera mu gisata c’uburimyi n’ubwo gifise intambamyi nyinshi

Ni kubera iki bahurumbira igisata c’uburimyi? Vyoba ari vyiza cane twishuye ico kibazo dukoresheje ibiharuro vyavuye mu vyigwa vyakozwe. Muri iyi  inkuru tugire tubashikirize, ikinyamakuru Jimbere kiragaruka cane ku bijanye n’ico gisata kivamwo ica kane c’ubutunzi buboneka mu Burundi buri mwaka.

Igihugu gito kiri mu karere k’ibihugu vya Afirika y’ubuseruko, Uburundi ni igihugu gifise uburinganire bwababa ibirometero kwadarato 28000. Mu mwaka w’1962 Abanyagihugu bakibamwo baharurigwa mu miriyoni 2,9 bakaba barigwije incuro zine kuva ico gihe gushika mu 2015 aho bari bageze ku miriyoni 11 z’abantu.

Ku bw’iryo gwirirana rikomeye ry’abantu mu gihugu, usanga benshi baba mu mitumba kandi batunzwe n’ukurima ivyo bigatuma hibonekeza itituka ry’amasoko y’ubutunzi kama. Ubu ibiharuro vyerekana ko Uburundi buri mu bihugu bifise abantu benshi muri Afirika: abantu bababa 400 ku kirometero kwadarato, bukaba bufata ikibanza ca gatatu inyuma y’Urwanda n’izinga rya Maurice.

Umugambi w’igihugu ujejwe iterambere (PND) mu vyo washikirije ku bijanye n’ingene ibintu vyifashe mu gisata c’uburimyi mu Burundi, urerekana akamaro n’uruhara rw’uburimyi mu butunzi bw’igihugu: «Uburimyi burafasha gushika ku bice 39,6% bw’ivy’Uburundi bukoresha ku mwaka, ibice 84% vy’abakozi bakorera mu burimyi, ibice 95% vy’ivyimburwa  kandi ni ho hava ivyimburwa bikoreshwa mu mahinguriro ahingura ibiterwa». Ariko n’ubwo biri ukwo: «Bivuye ku mahindagurika y’ibihe, ubu uburimyi busigaye butanga umwimbu muke. Muri iki gihe umwimbu mu burimyi n’ubworozi uri hasi cane y’umwimbu warukenewe».

Intambamyi n’ivyiza vy’igisata c’uburimyi: ubutaka, imyavu y’ikizungu n’ukwimbuka

Dufatiye ku vyigwa vy’igihugu vy’uburimyi mu Burundi(ENAB),  uburimyi bukorwa n’ibice birenga 90% vy’abantu, tugereranije n’imiryango y’abantu bashika umuriyoni bakorera muri ico gisata dusanga buri rugo rwose rurima ikivi kingana ,n’igice c’ihegitari. Ibice vy’isi ndimwa vyababa 90%   bikaba biterwamwo ibiterwa mbumbarugo kandi ibice 80% vyimburwa mu gihugu bikaba bifungurwa n’ababa mu gihugu. Ibiterwa mbumbarugo rero biri mu migwi mikurumikuru y’ibiterwa: Ibinyantete, imboga, ibinyamizi hamwe n’ibinyamateke vyerera mu kuzimu, ibinyamavuta hamwe n’ibitoke. Kuri ivyo tudondaguye, hiyongerako ibiterwa birimirwa gushorwa ari vyo ikawa, icayi, ipampa, ikigazi, igikaju(umusigati) hamwe na «quinquina»- Uburundi bukaba bushora mu makungu ibirenga ica kabiri c’ivyimbuwe kuri ivyo biterwa( amakuru dukesha ibiharuro vy’ibanki nkuru y’igihugu BRB).

Naho ibiterwa mbumbarugo ari vyo vyiganje  mu gihugu,  bihura n’intambamyi nyinshi zituma habaho igabanuka rikabije ry’umwimbu. Izo ntambamyi na zo ni izi: Isi yaratitutse bivuye k’ugudakoresha bishemeye umwavu w’ikizungu, ukutaryohora bikwiye ubuhinga  bujanye n’ukumenya gukoresha amazi, kunagura no guha agaciro uburimyi, uguhingura no kubika neza umwimbu, abarimyi bataronswa ingurane bashaka mu mabanki bashobora gushira mu burimyi, ukubura aho kurima hakwiye biturutse kwigwirirana ry’abantu, ukutamenya uburyo bwiza bwo kurima( ibice 10% vy’abarimyi ni bo bahurikiye  mu mashirahamwe y’uburimyi)…

Ariko kandi, ivyigwa vyakozwe na ENAB vyerekana ko ico gisata c’uburimyi kitabuze na co ivyiza co kwiratira: gifise abantu bagikoramwo bakiri bato, abakozi  benshi bakorana inguvu muri ico gigisata c’umuburimyi( ibice 80% vy’abarimyi ni abagore), ibihe vy’irima bishobora gushika bitatu ku mwaka, ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibiterwa bishoka hanze hamwe n’ubwinshi bwibiterwa mbumbarugo, ukuba hari 120 000 ha vy’ibiyaya bitararimwa, inzuzi, imvura ishobora kurwa amezi atandatu ku mwaka,…

Intererano ya Reta n’amashirahamwe bakorana mu guteza imbere ico gisata

Imbere y’intambara yo mu 1993 imitahe yakozwe  n’inguvu Reta yashize mu bisata bijanye n’uburimyi n’amahinguriro, imyavu y’ikizungu, imihora yo kwiyunguruza (amabarabara, mu mazi, mu kirere,…), inyubakwa zo kwimburiramwo, gukingira ibidukikije,  ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri ivyo  bwaragize ico buvamwo gishimishije n’ubwo muri rusangi ivyo bakuyemwo bitashitse ku buryo bari bashize muri ico gisata c’uburimyi.

Mu ntumbero yo kunagura umwimbu uva mu burimyi no kugabanya  ubukene bw’ibifungurwa, Uburundi bwaritunganije ku bijanye n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu migambi y’uburimyi. Muri yo hari mwo PNIA( umugambi w’igihugu ushira imitahe mu burimyi). Uyo ukaba wakomotse kuri PNSEB( umugambi w’igihugu utanga ifumbire y’ikizungu) kuva mu 2012, umugambi wa Reta wo kuronsa abarimyi imbuto zirobanuye, itunganywa rishasha ry’iterwa ry’ibiterwa vy’ikawa, icayi, ipampa, umuceri  mu dushirahamwe, … mu ntumbero yo gushira mu ngiro  imigambi n’amategeko, Reta ikorana n’amashirahamwe ayifata mu mugongo yaba ayo mu gihugu canke amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu.

Dutange akarorero k’ibikorwa vy’ubuserukizi bw’Ingoma y’abaholanzi mu Burundi biciye mu mugambi PAPAB (umugambi ushigikira ukugwiza umwimbu mu burimyi mu Burundi) mu ntumbero yawo yo kwongereza akanovera isi ndimwa mu gukwiragiza ifumbire mu gihugu biciye muri PNSEB no guhamagarira abarimyi kurwiza umwimbu biciye mu mashirahamwe meza y’abarimyi. Umugambi ufasha abarimyi barenga 160000; aho ibikorwa vy’ishirahamwe One Acre Fund Burundi  rikorera mu ntara zitandukanye z’igihugu mu gufasha abarimyi kugwiza umwimbu  rikaba rironsa abarimyi ingurane yintabire y’ikizungu kandi rikanabigisha ubuhinga bwo kurima bubashikana ku kwimbura umwimbu mwinshi. Ubu iryo shirahamwe rikorana n’abanywanyi 93,000,…

Ugukoresha umwavu kuburyo budatitura isi ndimwa bigatuma umwimbu wiyongera

Icegeranyo ca nyuma ca ENAB cerekana ko:«Ukuronswa ivyankenerwa mu burimyi( imbuto, umwavu,imiti y’ica udukoko tuja ku biterwa) bitangwa na Reta muri iyo migambi bituma habaho igabanuka ku biciro n’ibiguzi vy’ivyimburwa». Ariko, ico cegeranyokiragabisha ko: «Mu gihe Reta itohabera magabo, uwo mugambi woshobora guhimiriza abarimyi gukoresha umwavu mwishi w’ikizungu, ivyo na vyo bikaba vyoshobora kubangamira ubutunzi bw’igihugu kandi bikanonona ibidukikije».

Urashobora kwibaza ko uburimyi bwo kugwiza umwimbu hakoreshejwe ifumbire y’ikizungu  bwamye bukorwa kuva kera mu Burundi, ubu bwoba bugiye kurangira (gukurwaho)? Bitayeko ko abahagarariye umugambi w’uburimyi bwubahiriza ibidukikije bavuga ko uwo mugambi wo kurima hakoreshejwe ifumbire y’ikizungu  ari wo «watumye isi ndimwa itituka». Dufatiye ku ntambamyi n’ivyiza twamaze kuvuga biri mu gisata c’uburimyi, ni ibiki vyoshobora gukorwa mu ntumbero yo guteza imbere ico gisata gisanzwe ari ishingiro ry’ubutunzi bw’igihugu?  Hari ho ivyiyumviro bitari bike tuzobashikiriza mu nkuru ikurikira iyi.