Ingurane ku barimyi-borozi iracari ku rugero ruto

Ryabaye ihumure ku barimyi n’aborozi kwumva ko bagiye guhora bahabwa ingurane izorihwa ku bice 8%.  Bamwe mu banyagihugu bo mu ntara z’uburengero bw’Uburundi bamenyesha ko kare ingurane bahoze bahabwa bayishura ku bice 24% canke 36% ku mwaka, bikabavuna.  

« PAIFAR-B », ni umugambi w’igihugu ufashwe mu mugongo n’ikigega mpuzamakungu giteza imbere uburimyi – « FIDA ». Ihangiro ry’uwo mugambi rikaba ari ugufasha abanyagihugu barenga ingo 99.000 kuduza uburyo bwo kwibeshaho, ukworohereza abanyagihugu gushikira ingurane zibafasha mu kugwiza umwimbu vyoroshe ndetse n’ukurangura imigambi yindi  yo kwiteza imbere. Ahanini urwaruka n’abakenyezi bakaba ari bo bashizwe imbere, ubona ko ari bo basa n’abakumiriwe ku bijanye n’ibisata vy’amafaranga.

Ernest Bizimana, asanzwe arongoye umugambi PAIFAR-B mu karere k’uburengero, agira ati : « Muri aka karere, kuva mu mwaka wa 2019, abahurikiye mu makoperative bamaze kuronswa ingurane irenga umuriyaridi w’amarundi. »   Amenyesha kandi ko ku bantu 4.757 bamaze kuyironka, ibice 42% ari abakenyezi, mu gihe ibice 36% ari urwaruka.

Muti none ivy’igabanuka ry’urugero rw’ayo basabwa ku ngurane bahabwa bivuye he ko umenga si bishasha ? Mu kwezi kwa Gitugutu 2019, Jean Ciza, atwara ibanki y’igihugu « BRB » yari yamenyesheje amategeko mashasha ajanye n’itangwa ry’ingurane na canecane ku bisata vy’uburimyi, ubworozi n’ic’amahinguriro.

« Amabanki azokwitura BRB gusaba ingurane igana ibisata vy’uburimyi, n’ubworozi azoyihabwa ku gice 1%. Ano mabanki azoheza aronse ingurane amashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana (microfinances) ku bice 3%. ibice ntarengwa bikaba ari 5%. Muri iyo ntumbero nyene, « microfinances » na zo zisabwa kuronsa ingurane abarimyi-borozi ku bice 8% ». Iyi ngingo ikaba yotegerejwe gukora ku mabanki n’amashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana yose, atari abaja gutora amahera muri BRB bonyene canke abafise amafaranga menshi gusa.

Mbega none ishirwa mu ngiro ry’iyo ngingo ryifashe gute ?

Ildefonse Nahimana ni umunyamabanga shingwabikorwa wa koperative Terimbere Mpanda, imwe mu makoperative y’i Bubanza arima akongera  akagura umuceri. Iyi koperative ni kandi imwe mu yakorana n’umugambi PAIFAR-B. Arashimishwa n’iyo ngingo aho agira ati : « Haheze amezi 4 duhawe ingurane tuzoriha ku bice 8%. Ni akarusho kadasanzwe kuri koperative kuko  igiciro c’ingurane caciye kigabanuka eka no mu kuyiriha ntibizoheza ngo bituvune.»

Ibisabwa nk’ingwati ?Ico na co ni ikibazo gihanze abirimizi basaba ingurane. Amabanki asanzwe atugurutse cane mu gutanga ingurane zija mu burimyi kubera zifata ko igisata c’uburimyi gikunda guhura akenshi n’ibihuhusi vy’ihindagurika ry’ibihe ritaba ryari ryitezwe, umwimbu ubayabaye, urugezo rw’ubuhinga bwo kurima n’ukworora kijambere rutaratera imbere n’ibindi. Ibi rero biraheza bigatuma hasabwa ingwati ziremereye: urupapuro ndangatongo, imiduga, n’ibindi.

Théoneste Dusengimana aserukira koperative Ihangiro, na yo nyene iri mu mugambi PAIFAR-B, mu ntara ya Bubanza, amenyesha ko mu ma « microfinances », ikibazo c’ingwati gisabwa imbere y’ibindi vyose. Agira ati : « Koperative igira ingwati ifadika cane, Ironswa ingurane itubutse. Dufatire akarorero ku makoperative ariho akivuka, ataragira ingwati zifadika ashobora kwerekana. Ni vyo arashobora kwaka ingurane abicishije mu migwi yo kwishingiranira, ariko ico nzi nuko umuntu umwe umwe adashobora guhabwa amafaranga arenga 150.000.»

Uko amabanki n’ama « microfinances » abona ico kibazo

Twaragerageje kwegera bamwe mu bakora mu mabanki. Bagize bati : « Turacayaga n’ibanki nkuru y’igihugu kugira tuyage ku bijanye n’iyo ngingo yo kugabanya inyungu ku ngurane z’abirimizi kuko turafise ubwoba  ko hamwe twotanga ingurane kuri ivyo bice tuzohava duhomba  bivanye n’uko twasohoye menshi gusumba ayo twinjije. »

Tubajije Marie Louise Kamikazi, umuyobozi w’urunani rw’amashirahamwe yo kuziganya no kuguranana (« Réseau des institutions de Microfinance »), amashirahamwe aba hafi abanyagihugu birimizi kenshi, yavuze ko adashimye kugira ico abivuzeko ariko mu nyuma agira ati : « Ni ingingo y’ibanki nkuru y’igihugu, ibwirizwa gushirwa mu ngiro, ntavyo mfise nobivugako, ahubwo vyiza mwobaza muri BRB ni bo bobasigurira neza. »

Twaradodoye muri BRB, hitaba Bellarmin Bacinoni, ajejwe gutanga amakuru muri iyo banki. Kuri ico kibazo yishuye ati : « BRB  ntirasohora icegeranyo c’ivyaranguwe kuri iyo ngingo, ariko twobamenyesha ko yatanguye gushirwa mu ngiro. Ku bijanye n’ibiharuro, nimubangire dusohore icegeranyo c’ivyaranguwe mu mwaka wose, muzobisanga ku rubuga rw’iyi banki. »

Ibiharuro bihari bimeze gute ?

Twaragerageje gusoma ibiri muri raporo ya BRB yasohowe mu mwaka wa 2018 kugira ngo turabe ingurane zatanzwe mu gisata c’uburimyi. Muri ico kiringo (havuyemwo igiterwa c’ikawa n’icayi) Biboneka ko amafaranga yagabanutse : mu gihe mumwaka wa 2016 yari yagabanutse ku rugero rw’ibice 3% (ico gisata cari cashizwemwo amafaranga angana imiriyaridi 25 z’amarundi), mu 2018 yagabanutse gushika ku gice 1,9%, (igisata c’uburimyi cahawe amafaranga angana imiriyaridi 18 z’amarundi uwo mwaka).

Tubibutse ko ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2020, Umukuru w’igihugu c’Uburundi, Evariste Ndayishimiye, yuguruye icese, ibanki yorohereza abarimyi « BCAB », ikaba izotanga ingurane yisunze  igiciro cashinzwe n’ibanki nkuru y’igihugu BRB (ku bice 8%), nk’uko Umuyobozi mukuru muri iyo banki yabishikirije.

(yashizwe mu kirundi na Reverien Niyorugira)