{"id":6666,"date":"2021-11-26T08:41:37","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T07:41:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jimbere.org\/amayagwa\/?p=6666"},"modified":"2023-10-08T10:49:20","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T08:49:20","slug":"amakoperative-ntivyatanguye-kuri-rwagasore-burundi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/amakoperative-ntivyatanguye-kuri-rwagasore-burundi\/","title":{"rendered":"Erega ivy\u2019amakoperative ntivyatanguye kuri Rwagasore…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Amakoperative ariko arijukirwa cane muri iki gihe azwi cane muri kahise k\u2019Uburundi ku gihe ca Rwagasore. Ariko n\u2019imbere yaho yarabayeho. Haba aho kera, ku ntwaro ya Rwagasore canke ku ma repubirika yakurikiye, amakoperative arafise uko yari atunganijwe. Eka yaranahura n\u2019ibibazo, bimwe bigatorerwa inyishu, ibindi bikanka. Turabibayagira.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muri make, ijambo\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0 koperative\u00a0 \u00bb\u00a0 risigura\u00a0 umugwi w\u2019abantu baja\u00a0hamwe\u00a0kugira bahangane\u00a0n\u2019ibibazo\u00a0biba\u00a0bihanze\u00a0 iterambere\u00a0ryabo,\u00a0ryaba irishingiye ku butunzi canke irishingiye ku kibano\u00a0muri\u00a0rusangi.\u00a0Haba\u00a0ubu,\u00a0canke\u00a0muri\u00a0kahise,\u00a0 amakoperative dusanga aba\u00a0ashingiye ahanini\u00a0ku\u00a0bikorwa vy\u2019uburimyi hamwe\u00a0n\u2019ubudandaji\u00a0kandi\u00a0agakomera cane mu\u00a0banyagihugu\u00a0batobato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aho hambere abazungu bataraza, hari \u00ab ikibiri \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kera cane, n\u2019abazungu bataraza mu Burundi, ngo iryo zina rya koperative rikoreshwe, Emile Mworoha, umukurambere\u00a0 w\u2019imyaka\u00a0 81,\u00a0akaba n\u2019umwigisha wa kaminuza\u00a0yanonosoye\u00a0ivya\u00a0 kahise,\u00a0atugereraniriza\u00a0amakoperative\u00a0ya none nk\u2019 \u00ab ikibiri \u00bb c\u2019aho hambere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukuja hamwe kugira bafashanye gukutsa\u00a0ikivi n\u2019ingoga,\u00a0canke bafashe\u00a0uwo\u00a0carariye, ni yo ntumbero y\u2019ikibiri nk\u2019uko Mworoha\u00a0akomeza\u00a0 avyigana.\u00a0 \u00ab\u00a0 Biciye mu kibiri, abantu begeranye mu kibano, baraja\u00a0hamwe\u00a0 bagafashanya\u00a0 kurima.\u00a0 Gutyo\u00a0 ahantu\u00a0 hanini\u00a0 bakahakoranira\u00a0 mu mwanya muto bakaba barahamaze, hama ikibazo co gucererwa kurima canke\u00a0 kudashobora\u00a0 kurima\u00a0 hanini\u00a0 bakaba\u00a0 baragikemuye. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku ntwaro y\u2019abazungu guhera mu 1950<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igihe c\u2019ubukoroni ku Babirigi, biciye mu co bise \u00ab Plan  d\u00e9cennal de d\u00e9veloppement du Rwanda-Urundi \u00bb, umugambi  w\u2019iterambere ry\u2019Urwanda n\u2019Uburundi vy\u2019ico gihe wo kuva 1951 gushika 1961, ni ho amakoperative yabonye izuba mu Burundi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izo koperative zaba zishingiye ku burimyi bw\u2019igiterwa c\u2019ikawa nk\u2019uko Emile Mworoha abitwiganira. Imwe muri yo yagize iterambere riboneka cane ikaba yabaye iyashinzwe n\u2019umutware Pierre Baranyanka yari asanzwe ari n\u2019umurimyi akomeye w\u2019ico giterwa mu karere yari arongoye (\u00ab chefferie \u00bb) k\u2019i Muramvya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iruhande y\u2019amakoperative y\u2019ikawa, muri ico gihe nyene harashinzwe ama \u00ab mutualit\u00e9s \u00bb. Ayo na yo akaba ari imigwi yo gufashanya yashingwa n\u2019abapadiri bera hafi y\u2019imisiyoni kugira abakirisu baze barashigikirana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amakoperative Rwagasore guhera 1957-1959<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avuye mu gihugu c\u2019Ububirigi, umuganwa Rudoviko Rwagasore yazananye akanyota kadasanzwe ko gukomeza igisata  c\u2019ubutunzi mu gihugu. Ivyo na vyo akaba yabikoze ahanini aciye mu gushinga amakoperative yahavuye mbere yitirirwa izina ryiwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku bwa Christine Deslaurier, umuhinga yanonosoye ivya kahise akaba n\u2019umushakashatsi, mu gitabu ciwe \u00ab Paroles et \u00e9crits de Louis Rwagasore \u00bb – Amajambo n\u2019ivyanditswe dukesha Rudoviko Rwagasore – intumbero nyamukuru Rwagasore yaha ishingwa ry\u2019ayo makoperative kwari uko abanywanyi b\u2019ayo bokwisununura muvy\u2019ubutunzi n\u2019imibano biciye ahanini mu kwifatira mu minwe urudandazwa rwari rwiziziwe n\u2019ababirigi, abagiriki n\u2019abayahudi batatinya kuduza ibiciro uko bashatse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu mwaka\u00a0wa 1957,\u00a0mu kwezi\u00a0kwa Ruheshi, Rwagasore yarashinze CCB (\u00ab Coop\u00e9rative des commer\u00e7ants du Burundi\u00a0 \u00bb),\u00a0 ikoperative\u00a0y\u2019Abadandaza bo\u00a0mu\u00a0Burundi.\u00a0 Muri\u00a0uwo mwaka\u00a0nyene yarashikiriye kurongora ibikorwa vya\u00a0CCRU (\u00ab Coop\u00e9rative des Commer\u00e7ants du Rwanda-Urundi \u00bb), ikoperative yahuza abadandaza\u00a0bo mu\u00a0Rwanda no mu Burundi\u00a0 yari\u00a0yashinzwe muri\u00a0Ntwarante umwaka wa 1955.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibikorwa vya CCB vyari bishingiye ku kugura no kugurisha ikawa, itabi, ibiyoba n\u2019ibindi hagati mu gihugu ikanabishora no hanze. Iyo koperative yaranarangura ibidandazwa bimwe bimwe hanze hama ikabigurisha ku giciro kitavuna ku banywanyi bayo. Uwo mugambi wa Rwagasore nta bwo woroherejwe na gato n\u2019intwaro ya gikoroni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nk\u2019uko Deslaurier\u00a0 abandanya\u00a0 avyandika, abazungu babona amakoperative\u00a0ya Rwagasore nk\u2019imigwi igeramiye uburongozi bwabo. Intandaro ikaba ari uko ayo\u00a0makoperative\u00a0yahuza\u00a0abanyagihugu\u00a0bo\u00a0mu misozi n\u2019abaswahiri aba\u00a0 na bo bakaba batabonwa neza n\u2019abazungu kuko,\u00a0ku bw\u2019ugukora cane urudandazwa,\u00a0bahura kenshi\u00a0n\u2019abanyamahanga\u00a0 ndetse\u00a0bakanumviriza amaradiyo atanga\u00a0inyigisho\u00a0zo kwiganzura\u00a0ubukoroni.\u00a0Ivyo bigatuma rero abazungu batinya ko agatima ko kugumuka gakwizwa igihugu cose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kugira ahangane neza n\u2019ingorane amakoperative\u00a0yariko\u00a0arahura\u00a0nazo,\u00a0Rwagasore yaratanze imihoho mu mabanga yo\u00a0 kuba\u00a0intumwa\u00a0mu\u00a0gisata\u00a0kijejwe\u00a0intwaro\u00a0y\u2019igihugu.\u00a0Yaranarondeye ubufasha hirya no hino nk\u2019uko tubisanga mu makete atandukanye abazungu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

yegeranirijwe\u00a0mu\u00a0gitabu\u00a0ca\u00a0Deslaurier.\u00a0Aha twovuga\u00a0nko\u00a0mu mwaka\u00a0wa\u00a01958,\u00a0ari\u00a0mu\u00a0rugendo\u00a0rw\u2019akazi mu Bubirigi, Rwagasore yarandikiye ikete repuburika\u00a0yunze\u00a0ubumwe\u00a0y\u2019abarabu\u00a0aranabonana\u00a0n\u2019abagwizatunga bo mu bihugu\u00a0vya burayi\u00a0asabira ingurane CCB, ico gihe yari igeze ku badandaza barenga\u00a01.000\u00a0bayihurikiyemwo ariko kandi yari itanguye kubangamirwa n\u2019ingorane\u00a0z\u2019ubutunzi.\u00a0Aho hose, uburongozi bwa gikoroni ntibwahengeshanya kumubera intambamyi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atahutse\u00a0inyuma y\u2019urwo\u00a0rugendo muri Nyakanga\u00a01958 agasanga koperative\u00a0CCRU\u00a0isigaye\u00a0igenzurwa n\u2019intwaro\u00a0y\u2019abakoroni,\u00a0Rwagasore\u00a0yatanguje\u00a0iyindi koperative\u00a0Copico\u00a0(\u00ab Coop\u00e9rative\u00a0Indig\u00e8ne\u00a0de\u00a0Consommation\u00bb ),\u00a0 ikoperative kavukire yo gusumiramwo. Intumbero yayo ikaba kwari ukugira\u00a0ifashe\u00a0abaguzi\u00a0guhanahana\u00a0ivyiyumviro\u00a0no gukorera hamwe kugira ibiciro ntivyame biraduga buri gihe aho baherereye. Mu mwaka wa 1959, CCB yahavuye yugara burundu ku bw\u2019ingorane z\u2019ubutunzi ndetse\u00a0n\u2019ayandi makoperative\u00a0akaba\u00a0atashoboye kubandanya abaho inyuma yaho Rudoviko Rwagasore yitabiye Imana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igihe ca 1965-1993<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inyuma\u00a0yo\u00a0kwikukira\u00a0kw\u2019Uburundi\u00a0mu\u00a0mwaka wa 1962, amakoperative yarabandanije\u00a0ariko\u00a0atari\u00a0ku\u00a0rugero\u00a0rushemeye.\u00a0 Imwe\u00a0mu\u00a0mvo z\u2019uwo murindi\u00a0uri hasi ikaba indyane\u00a0zitandukanye\u00a0igihugu cagiye kiracamwo nk\u2019uko bishikirizwa\u00a0na Emile Mworoha yatuganiriye\u00a0ivy\u2019amakoperative\u00a0ku\u00a0ma repuburika\u00a0yakurikiye intwaro ya cami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuri Repuburika ya mbere (1966-1976), koperative z\u2019i Bugarama zishingiye ku\u00a0burimyi bw\u2019ivyamwa n\u2019imboga zari zashinzwe na Paul Mirerekano ni zo zonyene zashoboye kubandanya zikora. Mworoha ati: \u00ab Kuba n\u2019ubu igice ca Bugarama kikibonekamwo cane ivyamwa n\u2019imboga, inkomoko ya vyose ni ayo makoperative ya Mirerekano. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuri Repuburika ya kabiri (1976-1987), Reta yashoboye\u00a0 guteza imbere\u00a0cane\u00a0ubutunzi,\u00a0uruhara\u00a0rw\u2019amakoperative ntaworudeha\u00a0nk\u2019uko\u00a0Mworoha akomeza\u00a0aducira\u00a0ku mayange.\u00a0Ico gihe, amakoperative\u00a0yarasubiye\u00a0gushigikirwa\u00a0bisumbirije.\u00a0Bikuru\u00a0bikuru bigaragaza\u00a0iryo\u00a0shigikirwa,\u00a0ni\u00a0ishirwaho\u00a0na Reta ry\u2019Ubushikiranganji\u00a0bujejwe igisata c\u2019amakoperative\u00a0hamwe\u00a0n\u2019ishure\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Ecole des\u00a0coop\u00e9ratives\u00a0du\u00a0Burundi \u00bb ryigisha rikaramura abahinga bashobora gukurikirana\u00a0ibikorwa\u00a0vy\u2019amakoperative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amakoperative\u00a0nka\u00a0Mutoyi\u00a0y\u2019i Bugendana i Gitega hamwe na COOPEC (\u00ab Coop\u00e9ratives d\u2019Epargne et de Cr\u00e9dit \u00bb yo kuziganya no kuguranana tuzi n\u2019ubu zigihagaze\u00a0neza\u00a0zikaba\u00a0zavutse\u00a0kuri\u00a0iyo\u00a0ngoma. Mutoyi hari mu mpera z\u2019imyaka ya 80, nayo COOPEC mu mwaka wa\u00a01985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuri repuburika yakurikiye (1987-1993), biturutse ku ndyane\u00a0zitandukanye\u00a0zagiye ziraba,\u00a0gushigikira\u00a0amakoperative\u00a0vyaracumbagiye ariko\u00a0ntiyazimangana,\u00a0Ekleziya\u00a0Gatorika\u00a0ikaba\u00a0ariyo\u00a0ahanini yabandanije\u00a0iyashigikira.\u00a0Adrien Sibomana\u00a0yabaye\u00a0Umushikiranganji\u00a0wa\u00a0mbere\u00a0kuva\u00a0mu\u00a0mwaka wa 1988\u00a0gushika mu 1993 ati: \u00ab Ego ni vyo, amakoperative yarashigikiwe na\u00a0Gatorika biciye mu ma Diyoseze ariko n\u2019uruhara rwa Reta rwagumye ari nta ngere. \u00bb Uyo murongozi akamenyesha ko urahara rudasanzwe\u00a0rwa\u00a0Reta\u00a0yiwe\u00a0ico gihe\u00a0rwabaye\u00a0 nyabuna urwo\u00a0kugabanya\u00a0inzitizi zatuma (\u00ab climat des affaires \u00bb) ibijanye n\u2019ubucuruzi bidatera imbere. Aho na ho n\u2019amakoperative akaba yaca abonerwaho mu gutera imbere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu mwaka wa 1993, perezida Melchior Ndadaye\u00a0na we\u00a0yaraje n\u2019ugushaka kwinshi kwo\u00a0gusubira gukomeza amakoperative.\u00a0Yitavye Imana, n\u2019amakuba\u00a0yakurikiye, ivyo gushigikira amakoperative birazimangana gose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umurindi wo gusubira kuvyura amashirahamwe y\u2019amakoperative ukaba usubiye\u00a0kugaruka\u00a0inyuma\u00a0ya\u00a02005 aho\u00a0mu\u00a0mwaka wa 2017\u00a0hemejwe itegeko rigenga\u00a0amakoperative mu\u00a0Burundi, mu\u00a0mwaka\u00a0wa\u00a02019,\u00a0na\u00a0ho\u00a0 hagashingwa\u00a0ikigo\u00a0c\u2019igihugu\u00a0ANACOOP\u00a0(\u00abAgence Nationale de Promotion et de r\u00e9gulation des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s coop\u00e9ratives au Burundi \u00bb) kijejwe guteza imbere no guha intumbero amashirahamwe y\u2019amakoperative.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amakoperative ariko arijukirwa cane muri iki gihe azwi cane muri kahise k\u2019Uburundi ku gihe ca Rwagasore. Ariko n\u2019imbere yaho yarabayeho. Haba aho kera, ku ntwaro ya Rwagasore canke ku ma repubirika yakurikiye, amakoperative arafise uko yari atunganijwe. Eka yaranahura n\u2019ibibazo, bimwe bigatorerwa inyishu, ibindi bikanka. Turabibayagira. Muri make, ijambo\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0 koperative\u00a0 \u00bb\u00a0 risigura\u00a0 umugwi w\u2019abantu baja\u00a0hamwe\u00a0kugira […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":6667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[207],"tags":[527],"coauthors":[505],"class_list":["post-6666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ubutunzi","tag-amakoperative"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6666"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6673,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6666\/revisions\/6673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6666"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jimberemag.org\/amayagwa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}