Gukinga ivyaduka bijanye n’uburimyi n’ubworozi mu Burundi: ihuriro PARM ntiryasigaye inyuma

Uburimyi n’ubworozi ni imyuga igoye kuko ihura n’ingorane nyinshi ziturutse ku bitungwa bipfa, imirima yononekara, ibiciro n’uburyo bwo kubaho bikagabanuka cane ku murimyi mworozi. Ingorane ni nyinshi muri ico gisata gitunze abantu isinzi, haba mu Burundi canke mu makungu.

Mu nama yo kwungurana ubwenge yatunganijwe n’Ihuriro ry’abajejwe gutora umuti w’ingorane z’ivyaduka zishikira abarimyi n’aborozi – PARM (Plateforme pour la Gestion des Risques Agricoles) rifatanije n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu FIDA ryitaho uburimyi yabereye mw’ihoteli Kiriri Garden kuri uyu wa 20 Gitugutu 2023, abayitavye bararonkejwe ivyigwa k’ukungene bofasha abarimyi borozi igihe boba bahuye n’ingorane ziturutse ku vyaduka.

Kumenya inkomoko y’ivyaduka ni umuti wo kubikinga

Francesca Nugnes, umushakashatsi mw’ihuriro PARM agira ati: « Mu gihe ivyaduka bibaye bike umwimbu woboneka ari mwinshi bigatuma habaho kwirangurira imigambi bivuye muri uwo mwimbu ari nayo mpamvu ari nkenerwa kubikinga. »

Kubw’uyo mushakashatsi : « Gukinga ivyaduka ni gukinga ingorane zishobora kubaho ku biterwa no ku bitungwa. Bituma umenya ibibazo bishobora kwaduka no kubitorera inyishu hatiriwe harononekara ibintu vyinshi. Gusuzuma ivyaduka, ukamenya n’ibikoresho wokoresha kugira ubigwanye hamwe no kubikurikirana ni vyo bintu bikurubikuru bikenewe mu gukinga ivyaduka. »

Mu yandi majambo, n’ingendo nshasha ifasha imiryango ikenye gutorera umuti ingorane zayo, mu kugwiza amasoko yo kurondera amahera no kwiyungunganya. Uyu mugambi utuma kandi abarimyi borozi hamwe n’amashirahamwe bashobora gukinga ivyaduka bitarashika kure, gurtyo bakavyitegurira, bakabihagarika hanyuma bakabimenyera.

Mu gukinga ivyaduka hakenerwa ko impande zose zifata ikibazo mu minwe. Aha naho twovuga abarimyi, amashirahamwe y’abarimyi, uduhinguriro dutoduto, amashirahamwe ataho yegamiye mu vya poritike, abatanga ifumbire, abagwizatunga n’abanyamitahe, amareta hamwe n’amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu. Abarimyi basabwa kwiyumvira imigambi, amareta agafasha mu gushiraho icuka ciza, nayo abikorera utwabo bofasha mu gushiraho imigambi ndetse no gutora umuti w’ingorane zoba zibonekeje.

Ivyaduka bikora ku barimyi n’abandi bantu bose bakorera mu vy’uburimyi n’ubworozi biratandukanye. Bivana n’ibihugu, bikavana n’ikirere tutibagiye ubuhinga kama abanyagihugu bakoresha mu kurima no kworora. Ivyaduka bizwi cane biva kenshi ku bijanye n’ukurima (ivyaduka kama, ivyaduka biturutse kw’ihindagurika vy’ibihe, ibidukikije) ; ivyaduka biturutse kwihinduka ry’amasoko (ibiciro, kuronka ingurane…), ndetse n’ivyaduka biturutse ku ntwaro (ivya poritike, ibijanye n’inyubako…).

Mu bijanye no kworora ifi aha mu Burundi, umuhinga Pascal-Firmin Ndimira ashikiriza ko « ivyaduka bikunda kwizizira ubwo bworozi bijanye n’ibiciro vy’ifumbire biguma bihindagurika, ubusuma, amategeko agenga ubwo bworozi bw’ifi adahinyanyuwe bigatuma buburabuzwa,… »

Kuronka n’ugushikiraza amakuru, imwe mu ngingo nyamukuru mu bijanye no kugwanya ibiza

Mu bijanye no guharura ivyaduka no kuraba ivyokorwa, abarimyi bategerezwa kuronka amakuru akwiye. Kubw’umuhinga Francesca Nugnes : « amakuru arakenewe cane kugira ngo uburimyi n’ubworozi biterimbere. Amakuru ashobora kuboneka vyoroshe canke bigoranye bivanye n’icaduka ico ari co, aho ukura amakuru canke inyifato y’abarimyi ubwabo. »

Amakuru ashobora kuba ayajanye n’umwimbu, ikirere, ifumbire, ibiciro, udukoko canke ingwara vyonona imirima n’ibitungwa, tutibagiye no kuronka ingurane vyoroshe.

« Kugira dukingire neza, birakenewe gushiraho imigambi yo gukinga ivyaduka ihurikiyemwo abakorera muri ico gisata no kumenya amakuru akwiye. Icaduka kandi gishobora kurabwa bisunze incuro kimaze kwibonekeza ndetse n’inguvu kizananye », nk’uko bibandanya bimenyeshwa na Francesca Nugnes.

Ni ibihe bikoresho twokwifashisha mu gukinga ivyaduka ?

Mu gotorera umuti ibibazo bivuye ku vyaduka, ni kumenya ubwa mbere intambwe uko zikurikirana izo nazo ni kumenya kamere k’ico caduka, gushiraho ibikoresho bikinga ico caduka no gukurikirana ico ivyo bikoresho vyashitseko.

Hariho ingingo ngenderwako zisungwa mu kurwanya ivyaduka harimwo nko kugabanya umurindi w’icaduka (atténuation), gufashanya hagati y’abarimyi n’abadandaza n’amahinguriro tutibagiye n’igikorwa ca Reta n’amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu mu gushiraho ingingo zituma abanyagihugu barema.

Abitabiriye urwo ruganda rwo kwungurana ivyiyumviro basaba ko inyigisho nk’izo zo gukinga ivyaduka zotangwa nk’ivyigwa mu makaminuza no mu mashirahamwe ahurikiyemwo abarimyi n’aborozi.

Ihuriro ry’abishinze gutora umuti w’ingorane z’ivyaduka zishikira abarimyi n’aborozi – PARM (Plateforme pour la Gestion des Risques Agricoles) ryatanguye mu mwaka w’2013 rikaba ritwarwa na FIDA, ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu risanzwe riraba ibijanye n’uburimyi rikorera canecane mu bihugu vya Afurika y’Ubumanuko bwa Sahara harimwo n’Uburundi.